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Writer's pictureMichelle Martin

Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load - what's the difference?

Glycemic this and glycemic that. We hear about it but do we understand the difference between the two?

In general, diets that are high on the glycemic index (GI) and high in glycemic load (GL), tend to increase the risk of diabetes and heart disease. Neither is good. Here is a quick reference of sugars, carbs and how they affect your blood sugar levels.


Glycemic Index (“how fast”)

The most common of the two terms is “glycemic index” (GI). As the name suggests, it "indexes" (or compares) the effect that different foods have on your blood sugar level. Then each food is given a score from 0 (no effect on blood sugar) to 100 (big effect on blood sugar). Foods that cause a fast increase in blood sugar have a high GI. That is because the sugar in them is quickly processed by your digestive system and absorbed into your blood. They cause a “spike” in your blood sugar.

So, you can probably guess that pure glucose is given a GI rating of 100. On the other hand, chickpeas are right down there at a GI of 10.

Low GI is anything under 55; moderate is 56-69, and 70+ is considered a high GI food.

Remember, this is a measure of how fast a carbohydrate containing food is digested and raised your blood sugar. It's not a measure of the sugar content of the food.

How the carbohydrates in food affect your blood sugar level depend on other components of the food. Things like fiber and protein can slow the release of sugar into the bloodstream, and this can make even a high-sugar food, low on the GI scale.

So, lower GI foods are better at keeping your blood sugar levels stable because they don't increase your blood sugar level as fast.


FUN FACT: Can you guess which food has a GI of higher than 100? (Think of something super-starchy) White potatoes! They have a GI of 111.



Glycemic Load (“how much”)

The glycemic load is different. Glycemic load (GL) doesn’t take into account how quickly your blood sugar “spikes”, it measures how high that spike is. Basically, how much the food increases your blood sugar.

GL depends on two things. First, how much sugar is in the food. Second, how much of the food is typically eaten.

Low GL would be 0-10, moderate GL would be 10-20, and high GL would 20+.


Example of GL and GI

So, let’s compare average (120 g) servings of bananas and oranges:

Food GI Serving size (g) GL per serving

banana 48 120 11

orange 45 120 5


Excerpt from: Harvard Health Publications, Glycemic index and glycemic load for 100+ foods


As you can see, the banana and orange have almost the same glycemic index; meaning they both raise your blood sugar in about the same amount of time.

But, the average banana raises the blood sugar twice as high (11) as the orange does (5). So, it contains more overall sugar than the same amount (120 g) of orange.


Of course, this is all relative. A GL of 11 is not high at all. Please keep eating whole fruits. :)


What does this all mean for your health?

Certain people should be aware of the effects that foods have on their blood sugar. People who have diabetes or pre-diabetes conditions like insulin resistance need to be aware of both the glycemic index and glycemic load of foods they are eating regularly.

The GI and GL are just two factors to consider when it comes to blood sugar. Some high GI foods are pretty good for you but if you want to reduce the impact on your blood sugar, have them with a high-fiber or high-protein food.

Conclusion

If you have blood sugar imbalances or diabetes, you should probably be aware of the GI and GL of your food.If you are at risk of diabetes or heart disease, you might try swapping out some higher GI/GL foods and replacing with lower GI/GL foods.


Try this low GI recipe and let me know if you want to get in on a free Mediterranean Diet challenge starting next Monday, July 15. I will send you all of the recipes, shopping list and meal plan for the week along with an invite to my private Facebook group for the week, for additional support.


Recipe : Mediterranean Salad

Serves 2

1 cucumber, chopped

½ cup chickpeas, drained and rinsed

½ cup black olives

¼ red onion, diced

½ cup cherry tomatoes, halved

¼ cup extra virgin olive oil

1 tbsp apple cider vinegar

2 tbsp lemon juice

1 tsp garlic

1 tsp basil

½ tsp oregano

1 dash sea salt

1 dash black pepper

  1. Place first five ingredients together in a bowl.

  2. Add remaining ingredients to a jar (to make the dressing) with a tight-fitting lid and shake vigorously.

  3. Add dressing to salad and gently toss.

Serve & enjoy!

Tip: Add chopped avocado for even more fiber and healthy fat.

References:

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